Airport passenger experience: Service design case study | Tangram Studios
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Aviation & service design · 2026

A passenger's experience at the airport.

One app for the whole journey, from booking to arrival, with a self-sovereign wallet that lets a passenger prove who they are with a single scan. No passport handed over four times, no paperwork repeated at every desk.

Role
UX research
Service & product design
Scope
Journey map · Blueprint
Storyboard · UI design
Deliverables
iOS concept app
Service blueprint
Built on
Decentralised identifiers
Verifiable credentials
The passenger app, the journey home screen and the document wallet on two phones
The case for change

Only four in ten passengers are satisfied with the airport as it is.

4 / 10
passengers satisfied with the current airport experience
77.2%
Leisure Business
of travellers fly for leisure, 22.8% for business (Halpern and Mwesiumo, 2021)
34%
of airports were already considering blockchain-based solutions (Zaki, Panicker and George, 2019)
90%
of 41 surveyed would use one app for the whole journey, and trust it with their documents
01 · The problem

The same passenger proves who they are four times before they sit down.

Booking, parking, check-in, security, boarding: each step is run by a different party, holds its own copy of the passenger's documents, and asks for them again. The passenger carries the burden of stitching the journey together, and the airport carries the risk of storing everything.

Long waits, queues and getting lost have turned something people once looked forward to into something they dread. We mapped the end-to-end journey with real travellers, then rebuilt it around one question: what if the documents stayed on the phone and the airport only ever received a proof?

Research question 1
How can decentralised identity wallets be used to enhance a passenger's experience at the airport?
Research question 2
Can a single app, instead of one app per task, give end-to-end assistance and a better experience while travelling?
The answer
One App Solution (OAS), an identity wallet and a guided journey in the same product.
02 · Method

Six phases, from problem statement to validated prototype.

Secondary research and an online survey set the scale of the problem; interviews and auto-ethnography set its texture. Everything that followed, personas, journey map, blueprint, prototype, was traceable back to something a passenger said or something we recorded ourselves doing in a terminal.

Discover
Problem identification
Framing the airport experience and writing the research question.
Research
Field and desk
Secondary research, four in-depth interviews, auto-ethnography, online survey.
Ideate
Making sense
Personas, customer journey map, service blueprint, mind map.
Design
Making it real
Lo-fi then hi-fi prototype, plus storyboarding of the check-in scenario.
Testing
Does it work
LEGO® Serious Play, tree testing, A/B testing.
Analysis
So what
Conclusions, validation against the research questions, future work.
Methodology diagram, the six phases of the project with the activities in each
Methodology, the project journey
03 · Who we designed for

A leisure traveller with children, and a business traveller with a meeting to make.

Two personas came out of four in-depth interviews. They want different things from a trip, but they fail in the same four places, which is where the product was aimed.

Leisure traveller
Lily Anderson
32 · Cardiff · Bachelor's · married
Share of travellers 77.2%
Motivations
Rewards, loyalty, comfort, convenience
Goals
A smooth journey start to finish, cheap fares, and a trip that stays fun for the children
Pain points
Waiting times, long distances to walk, missing signage, bored children
Business traveller
Alex Clarkson
27 · London · accountant · single
Share of travellers 22.8%
Motivations
Comfort, convenience, speed, good service
Goals
A stress-free journey, no missed flight, less time in lines, arriving ready to work
Pain points
Long queues, waiting, uncertainty, security screening points
Guidance while travelling
Step-by-step assistance through the airport, not a static map on a wall.
Check-in
Shorter waits and a seamless handover at the desk.
Security
Move through the screening point faster.
Finding gate info
The right detail in hand instead of scanning a departures board.
04 · Journey map

Six phases, and the emotion drops in the same three places every time.

Actions, touchpoints, expectations, feeling and thoughts were logged across plan and book, arriving, check-in, security, waiting and boarding. Every dip in the emotion line became an opportunity written as a question, which is what the app was scoped from.

Journey map, six phases with user actions, touchpoints, expectations, an emotion curve, thoughts and opportunities
Journey map, the emotion curve bottoms out at the check-in queue, the security belt and the second boarding-pass check
Show which check-in desk to go to.
Named in the app before the passenger reaches the terminal.
Can it all happen with one tap?
Documents, boarding pass and verification in a single consented action.
A map to move around the terminal.
With accessibility options for passengers who need them.
Gate and destination info in the app.
Instead of hunting for an information screen.
The documents never leave the passenger's phone. The airport receives a proof, not a copy.
Design principle
05 · One App Solution

The trip as a track, not a list of tabs.

The home screen draws the journey as one continuous path: plan and book, arriving at the airport, check-in, security, lounge, boarding, take off, arrival. Steps behind you go grey, the step you are in glows, and the next one is always the nearest thing to your thumb.

Progressive disclosure keeps it calm: tapping a step opens only what that moment needs, the boarding pass, gate and boarding time, the lounge map, the in-flight menu, so the passenger is never searching a menu while standing in a queue. Weather for here and for the destination sits on the same screen.

The home screen before and during the trip, the journey path with steps completed, active and upcoming
The three pillars of One App Solution, the identity wallet, the home screen, and built-in weather for here and the destination
One App Solution, wallet, home screen, and weather
Progressive disclosure on the journey path, completed steps greyed, the active step glowing, and its detail labels revealed
Progressive disclosure, each step reveals its detail on arrival
06 · The wallet

Passport, permit, vaccination pass, ID and the boarding pass in one place.

Each credential is held as a verifiable document with its own expiry, added once and reused for every trip. Cards and boarding passes are split into two tabs, because one is long-lived identity and the other is valid for a single flight.

The wallet, saved cards with expiry dates, the add-document form, and a stored passport opened full screen
07 · The technology behind it

Issuer signs, wallet holds, verifier checks the signature.

The government issues signed credentials to the passenger's wallet and writes the identifiers to a distributed ledger. The wallet checks validity against that ledger and keeps the documents on the device.

At the desk, the airport acts as verifier: it receives a presented proof and confirms the signature against the public DIDs. Nothing is uploaded, nothing is retained, and sharing always requires explicit consent from the passenger, which is what self-sovereign identity means in practice.

Decentralised identifiers diagram, issuer signs and issues credentials, the wallet verifies validity, the airport verifies the signature via DIDs on a public blockchain
The trust model, issuer to wallet to verifier
Working

Document verification from a phone, built on blockchain and decentralised identifiers. The issuer, in this case the government, signs a credential, stores it in a distributed ledger, and issues the document to the passenger's digital wallet.

The wallet checks that credential against the ledger and keeps a copy of the document. When the passenger presents proof of identity, a digital passport or any other digital document, the airport's system verifies it by retrieving the signed credential from the distributed ledger.

Identity wallets

A digital identity wallet lets a person contact and deal with third parties securely and in encrypted form. Built on self-sovereign identity principles, it gives the user complete control of their data: they own it and they process it.

Nothing leaves the wallet without explicit consent from the passenger.

08 · Check-in, end to end

Scan, consent, verified. Three taps at the desk.

The storyboard walks the moment that mattered most in research: the passenger reaches the counter, scans the QR code on the desk, sees exactly which documents are being requested, and accepts or declines. Verification lands on both screens at once and the boarding pass is issued into the app.

The same pattern applies again at immigration. Sixty-seven screens were built into a hi-fi interactive prototype so the whole flow could be tested as a scenario rather than a set of pictures.

Storyboard frame 1: On the way to the airport in a car. 1
On the way to the airport in a car.
Storyboard frame 2: She enters the terminal. The app already shows which check-in desk to go to. 2
She enters the terminal. The app already shows which check-in desk to go to.
Storyboard frame 3: At the desk, phone in hand: check-in opens the upcoming steps and guidance. 3
At the desk, phone in hand: check-in opens the upcoming steps and guidance.
Storyboard frame 4: The desk asks her to scan the QR code on the counter. She does it from the wallet beside the check-in step. 4
The desk asks her to scan the QR code on the counter. She does it from the wallet beside the check-in step.
Storyboard frame 5: The phone asks her to share only the documents this desk needs. 5
The phone asks her to share only the documents this desk needs.
Storyboard frame 6: Verification lands on both screens at once, passenger and officer. 6
Verification lands on both screens at once, passenger and officer.
Storyboard frame 7: She waves goodbye and walks on to security. 7
She waves goodbye and walks on to security.
Storyboard frame 8: The journey screen updates: check-in crossed, security next. 8
The journey screen updates: check-in crossed, security next.

Storyboard, eight frames covering arrival through cleared check-in

09 · Service blueprint

What the passenger sees, and what happens under the line of visibility.

The blueprint pins the check-in phase to its machinery: passenger actions, staff actions, backstage requests against the airport database, and the support layer of decentralised identifiers on a public blockchain.

Request proof, present proof, verify signature. Writing it out this way made the trust model reviewable by people who will never open the app, which is what an airport needs before it agrees to stop collecting documents.

Service blueprint for check-in, passenger and staff lanes above the line of visibility, backstage actions and support processes below
Service blueprint, check-in, with the identity layer as a support process
10 · Testing

A LEGO® airport on a table, then a tree test to fix what it exposed.

Roleplay surfaced problems a click-through never would: participants walked LEGO® figures through labelled checkpoints while using the prototype, and told us where they got stuck.

LEGO® Serious Play · 12 participants
Roleplaying the terminal
A LEGO® airport set with every checkpoint labelled. Participants navigated it with the app in hand, which is how the wallet discoverability problem surfaced.
Tree testing · 10 participants
Where do people look
Testing the hypothesis that a wallet icon in the home toolbar would be found faster than one buried in the check-in step. It was.
A/B testing · 48 participants
Two wallet layouts
Option A, the plain card list, won with 58% against 42% for the layout that previewed the passport itself.
Participants navigating a LEGO® airport set with the app on a phone
LEGO® Serious Play, 12 participants
Tree test result, routes from home to profile, wallet and check-in
Tree test, 10 participants
A/B test of two wallet layouts, option A at 58 per cent and option B at 42 per cent
A/B test, 48 participants
11 · Design evolution

Four passes at the same screen, each one taking something out.

The first curvilinear timeline showed everything at every step, and users called it cluttered. A linear version was cleaner but lost the sense of a journey, and testers said the curve was more engaging to follow.

So the curve came back with fewer icons, more negative space, and the wallet promoted to the toolbar. The final pass added progressive disclosure: each step reveals its detail only when the passenger reaches it.

Design evolution slide, four iterations of the home screen from cluttered curvilinear to linear to refined curvilinear with progressive disclosure
Design evolution, how user feedback drove four iterations of the journey screen
12 · The screens

One system, from login to landed.

Boarding pass, booking, wallet and document consent, live weather for here and the destination, and the arrival state. The same dark surface, the same green accent, and the same rule throughout: show the passenger only what the current step needs.

A selection of screens, boarding pass, booking, add document, immigration consent, weather, login, and the destination reached state
A selection of screens from the app
Outcome

A journey the passenger can see, and an airport that stores less.

The concept collapses five separate document checks into one consented scan, and gives the passenger a single view of where they are in the trip and what happens next.

Nine in ten of the 41 people surveyed said they would use one app for the whole journey, and would trust it with their documents if it moved them through the airport significantly faster. Because the credentials live with the passenger, the airport verifies rather than stores, which lowers the data it holds while making the desk faster for the person standing at it.

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